Last Updated: 21 January 2026
I. Introduction
Welcome to this personal website (hereinafter referred to as “this Website”), which is independently operated by an individual (hereinafter collectively referred to as “we”). This Website is a purely knowledge-sharing platform dedicated solely to providing free knowledge content. It does not offer any interactive functions such as online tests or AI-assisted calculations, nor does it engage in profit-making activities including commercial education, medical diagnosis and treatment, or sale of commercial products. We only generate reasonable revenue through collaboration with ad alliances to sustain the daily operation of the Website. This Website supports web access exclusively and does not provide dedicated services for mobile devices, nor does it collect any information related to mobile phones or other devices. We only collect necessary information (including your name, contact email address, feedback content, and country of residence) that you voluntarily provide when you actively communicate with us via email, which is used solely to facilitate the communication.
We strictly adhere to the Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Data Security Law of the People’s Republic of China, the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the UK Data Protection Act 2018 (UK GDPR), as well as the fundamental data protection laws and regulations of other service-covered regions, including Japan’s Act on the Protection of Personal Information, South Korea’s Personal Information Protection Act, Singapore’s Personal Data Protection Act, and Indonesia’s Personal Data Protection Law. We place the security of your personal information and your privacy rights at the forefront.
This Policy aims to fully and clearly inform you of the entire process and rules governing our collection, use, storage, and sharing of your personal information, and to specify the privacy rights you are entitled to and the channels for safeguarding such rights. Your access to and browsing of this Website shall constitute your full reading, understanding, and voluntary acceptance of all terms of this Policy. If you are a minor, you must meet the legal age requirement of your region (16 years old in the EU/UK, 14 years old in China and certain Asia-Pacific countries), read this Policy in the presence of your parents or legal guardians, and obtain their explicit consent before using the services of this Website.
II. Scope of Application
This Policy applies to all personal information processing activities conducted by us through this Website (web version only), including but not limited to information collection in connection with email communications, ad alliance service integration, and the use of Cookies and similar technologies.
This Policy does not apply to any third-party services, including but not limited to ad alliance service providers, ad content providers, and other third-party entities embedded in this Website. The personal information processing practices of such third parties are governed by their own privacy policies. We shall not be liable for the privacy practices of third parties, and we recommend that you carefully review the privacy policies of third parties before accessing their services.
III. Core Compliance Basis
All our personal information processing activities strictly comply with the following laws, regulations, and industry standards to ensure full compliance throughout the process:
•China: Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China; Data Security Law of the People’s Republic of China;
•European Union and European Economic Area (EEA): General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR); basic requirements for Cookie usage under the ePrivacy Directive;
•United Kingdom: UK Data Protection Act 2018 (UK GDPR); basic compliance guidelines for personal websites issued by the UK Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO);
•Asia-Pacific Region: Basic data processing requirements for personally operated websites under Japan’s Act on the Protection of Personal Information, South Korea’s Personal Information Protection Act, Singapore’s Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA), and Indonesia’s Personal Data Protection Law (PDP Law);
•Advertising and Technical Compliance: Data usage specifications of the ad alliances employed; regional basic compliance requirements for the use of Cookies and similar technologies.
IV. Information Collection and Processing
4.1 Scope and Methods of Collection
We strictly adhere to the principles of “legality, legitimacy, necessity, and minimization”, and only collect personal information that is essential for achieving the purposes of the services. We do not implement any login functionality, nor do we collect irrelevant sensitive information such as mobile phone numbers, identity card numbers, biometric data, religious beliefs, medical and health information, or financial information. The specific scope and methods of collection are as follows:
1.Voluntarily Submitted Information: We only collect information such as your name, contact email address, feedback content, and country of residence that you voluntarily provide when you actively communicate with us via email. The aforementioned information is used solely to respond to your inquiries and handle your feedback, and serves no other purpose such as identity verification or account binding. We only collect content necessary to complete the communication and will not proactively request or additionally collect information beyond the scope of the communication needs.
2.Automatically Collected Information: To ensure the normal operation of the Website, optimize the service experience, and achieve targeted ad delivery and performance statistics, we will automatically collect your network information (including IP address, network operator, and region of residence (accurate only to country/region level)) and usage behavior information (including visited pages, duration of stay, click records, and content browsing trajectory) through Cookies and similar technologies (such as web beacons). For specific rules, please refer to Section 10: Cookie Usage Instructions. We will never collect any device-related information (including but not limited to mobile phone model, computer model, operating system version, etc.).
3.Ad Alliance-Related Information: To adapt to ad alliance services and optimize ad delivery performance, we will share your non-identifiable behavioral data (such as browsing preferences, ad click records, and country/region of residence) with ad alliances. This data does not include your personal identifying information such as name or email address, and is used solely for ad display, frequency control, and performance analysis.
We firmly prohibit the excessive collection of personal information. Except for the scope explicitly specified above, we will not collect any information unrelated to the services of this Website unless you voluntarily provide it, nor will we require you to sign any separate consent documents.
4.2 Legal Basis for Processing
We process your personal information based on the following legal grounds to ensure that each processing activity is supported by legal compliance:
•Your Explicit Consent: For scenarios such as you voluntarily providing personal information via email or confirming the use of Cookies, we will process the information based on your explicit consent;
•Necessity for Providing Services: Processing information to respond to your email inquiries and ensure the operation of the Website’s basic functions, which is a necessary prerequisite for fulfilling the service purposes;
•Legitimate Interests: Processing information to optimize the display of website content, improve the accuracy of ad delivery, and prevent malicious access risks, provided that such processing does not infringe upon your significant privacy rights and legitimate claims;
•Mandatory Legal Obligations: Responding to legal investigations, notifications, or other statutory requirements from judicial authorities and regulatory bodies, and processing personal information in accordance with the law.
V. Purposes of Information Use
The personal information we collect will be used strictly for the following purposes. Without your explicit consent, we will not process the information beyond the scope specified below:
•Providing Core Services: Responding to inquiries and handling feedback content via the email address you provided, and sharing information relevant to your communication matters (no irrelevant content will be sent);
•Optimizing Service Experience: Adjusting the website’s page layout, optimizing the display format of knowledge content, adapting to the access needs of different countries and regions, and enhancing the web browsing experience based on your usage behavior data;
•Ad Delivery and Performance Analysis: Providing non-identifiable data to ad alliances to display ad content relevant to your interests and preferences, measuring ad impressions and click-through rates, and ensuring the operational revenue of the Website;
•Ensuring Service Security: Identifying abnormal access, malicious attacks, and other irregular activities through IP addresses and behavioral data, and implementing basic protective measures to maintain the operational security and service order of the Website;
•Complying with legal and regulatory requirements or responding to legitimate requests from competent authorities.
VI. Information Storage and Retention
6.1 Storage Methods and Locations
Your personal information (including your name, email address, feedback content, country information, and associated behavioral data) will be stored on third-party cloud servers operated by compliant cloud service providers. We ensure the security of information transmission solely through the HTTPS encrypted transmission protocol enabled on this Website, and the security of storage through the built-in basic encryption functions of the cloud servers. This Website does not involve any cross-border data transmission. All personal information is stored in the default storage locations of the cloud servers. By selecting compliant cloud service providers, we ensure that the storage activities comply with the fundamental data protection requirements of the service-covered regions.
6.2 Retention Period
We strictly adhere to the principles of “deletion upon achievement of purpose” and “minimization of storage period”. Except as otherwise required by laws and regulations, the retention periods for personal information are as follows:
•Name, email address, feedback content, and country information: Retained for 1 year after your inquiry/feedback has been processed, or immediately processed upon your active request for deletion, and automatically and permanently deleted upon expiration;
•Usage behavior data and ad interaction data: Retention period shall not exceed 6 months, and will be automatically anonymized upon expiration (all information that can be linked to personal identity will be completely deleted, and only statistical data that cannot identify individuals will be retained for optimizing website display and ad delivery);
•If you submit a deletion request or explicitly refuse to continue using the services, we will delete or anonymize all your personal information (except as required by laws and regulations) within 15 working days after completing identity verification (conducted solely via email verification);
•Data that needs to be retained to fulfill legal obligations, resolve disputes, or prevent risks will be retained for the period required by law or until the dispute is resolved.
VII. Information Sharing and Disclosure
7.1 Third-Party Sharing Rules
We will never sell, rent, or lend your personal information. We only share information with third parties in compliance with the following limited scenarios:
•Ad Alliance Service Providers: To facilitate ad delivery, frequency control, and performance statistics, we share non-identifiable behavioral data (such as browsing preferences, ad click records, and country/region of residence) with them. This sharing activity is based on your implied consent (in support of legitimate interests) and is used solely for the aforementioned explicit purposes. Ad alliances are prohibited from using the data for other purposes or re-sharing it with third parties;
•Cloud Service Providers: We only provide third-party cloud service providers (which offer server storage services) with the information necessary to complete the storage services. Cloud service providers are solely responsible for providing storage technical support and have no right to access or use your personal information;
•Legal Mandatory Disclosure: Disclosing necessary personal information in accordance with the law when receiving legal notices, investigation orders, or other statutory requirements from judicial authorities and regulatory bodies, or to protect you, other users, and public interests from harm.
7.2 Oversight of Third-Party Responsibilities
We will carefully select third-party service providers (including ad alliances and cloud service providers) with basic data protection capabilities, and regulate their behaviors through their public compliance commitments and service agreements. If a third party causes the leakage or misuse of your personal information due to its own negligence, we will notify you immediately upon becoming aware of the incident, provide the third party’s contact information and relevant supporting documents, make every reasonable effort to assist you in safeguarding your rights, and cooperate with the investigation work of relevant regulatory authorities.
VIII. Data Security Protection
Based on the actual operational capabilities of a personal pure knowledge-sharing website, we implement basic and feasible security protection measures to fully safeguard the security of your personal information. The core protection measures are as follows:
•Technical Protection Measures: This Website uses the HTTPS encrypted transmission protocol throughout to encrypt all data transmission processes, ensuring the security of your personal information during transmission; relying on the built-in basic encryption functions of cloud servers to protect the security of information storage;
•Access Rights Control: Only the Website operator has access to your personal information, and no third party is granted authorized access. The scope of information access is strictly restricted, and all operations are traceable;
•Basic Management Specifications: Adhering to the basic specifications for personal information processing, properly storing access credentials, regularly inspecting the operational status of the Website, and promptly identifying and addressing security vulnerabilities;
•Data Backup Mechanism: Conducting regular backups of your personal information to prevent data loss due to unexpected server failures. Backup data is also encrypted and protected, and is used solely for data recovery purposes.
IX. Core User Rights
Pursuant to the relevant data protection laws and regulations of the service-covered regions, you are entitled to the following personal information rights, and we will provide you with convenient channels to exercise these rights:
•Right to Information: You may inquire about the scope, methods, storage location, and retention period of the processing of your personal information at any time through the contact information specified in this Policy;
•Right of Access and Copying: You may request us to provide a copy of your personal information in common electronic formats such as PDF, and we will provide it free of charge within the specified time limit;
•Right to Rectification: If you discover that your personal information (such as your email address or name) is inaccurate, you may request us to correct it, and we will process the request promptly after verifying your identity;
•Right to Erasure (Right to be Forgotten): You may request the erasure of your personal information if the purpose of processing has been achieved, you withdraw your consent, we use the information in violation of the agreement, or laws and regulations require erasure. We will erase the information in a timely manner in accordance with the law;
•Right to Withdraw Consent: You may withdraw your consent to the use of Cookies and ad delivery at any time. The withdrawal of consent will not affect the validity of information processing conducted based on your prior legitimate consent, and we will immediately cease the relevant information processing activities;
•Right to Object: You have the right to object to our information processing activities such as ad delivery and behavioral analysis conducted on the basis of legitimate interests, and we will immediately cease the relevant processing (except as otherwise required by laws and regulations).
To exercise the above rights, you may submit an application through the contact information specified in Section 16 of this Policy. We will complete identity verification through your registered email address (without collecting additional information) and provide feedback on the processing result within 15 working days; if the matter is complex and requires an extension of the processing period, we will notify you of the reasons and the extended period in advance via email (the maximum extension shall not exceed 30 working days).
X. Cookie and Similar Technologies Usage Rules
To ensure the operation of the Website’s basic functions, optimize the service experience, and achieve compliant ad delivery and statistical analysis, we use Cookies, web beacons, and other similar technologies, strictly adhering to the basic compliance requirements for Cookie usage in the service-covered regions. The specific rules are as follows:
10.1 Types and Purposes of Cookies
•Necessary Cookies: These are essential for the normal operation of the Website’s basic functions, including browser compatibility and ensuring proper page loading. Such Cookies are mandatory for the provision of services and cannot be disabled. Disabling them will result in certain core services being unavailable, and their validity period expires when you close your browser;
•Analytical Cookies: Used to count website traffic, user browsing trajectories, and content viewing patterns, solely for optimizing website functions and content display quality. They are not linked to personal identity, have a validity period of no more than 6 months, and can be disabled through your browser settings;
•Advertising Cookies: Used for ad delivery, frequency control, personalized recommendations, and performance analysis. They are provided and managed by ad alliances, with a validity period in accordance with the ad alliances’ rules. You can disable them through your browser settings or ad alliance channels.
10.2 Your Control Rights
We adopt an “explicit checkbox consent” mechanism. When you visit this Website for the first time, a pop-up window will inform you of the types, purposes, and scope of use of Cookies. Non-essential Cookies (analytical and advertising types) can only be enabled after you check the consent box. By default, no non-essential Cookies are enabled, and only necessary Cookies are retained to ensure basic services.
You can manage your Cookie settings through the following methods: ① Browser Settings: For Google Chrome (Settings – Privacy and Security – Site Settings – Cookies and site data), Safari (Preferences – Privacy – Manage Website Data), and Mozilla Firefox (Settings – Privacy & Security – Cookies and Site Data), you can view, disable, or delete all Cookies; ② Ad Alliance Settings: Disable personalized ad delivery services through the official links provided by the ad alliances.
The usage rules for third-party Cookies (from ad alliances) are formulated by the third parties themselves, and their data processing activities are independent of this Website. We recommend that you review the ad alliances’ privacy policies for details.
XI. Special Protection for Children’s Privacy
We strictly comply with the children’s privacy protection laws and regulations of the service-covered regions and do not proactively collect personal information from minors. The specific protection measures are as follows:
•We will not intentionally collect personal information from minors under the age of 16 (EU/UK standard) or under the age of 14 (China and certain Asia-Pacific countries/regions standard). If you are a minor, you must use this Website in the presence of your parents or legal guardians, and only your guardians may provide their own name, email address, and other information for necessary communications;
•If we discover that we have inadvertently collected personal information from a minor, we will delete all such information within 72 hours of verification, notify the guardian via the registered email address, and cease providing services to that email address;
•Guardians may request to inquire about, correct, or delete a minor’s personal information through the contact information specified in this Policy. We will give priority to responding to such requests (providing feedback within 10 working days) and may require guardians to provide identification documents (used solely for identity verification and immediately deleted after verification).
XII. Data Breach Emergency Response
In the event of a security incident such as the leakage, tampering, or loss of personal information, we will immediately activate an emergency response plan and take the following basic remedial measures:
•Timely Notification: Within 72 hours, notify affected users via their registered email addresses of the type of information breach, potential risks, remedial measures taken, and contact information, ensuring that you are fully informed and able to take protective measures;
•Remedial Measures: Immediately implement technical measures to prevent the expansion of the breach, delete or anonymize the affected data, provide users with remedial services such as information deletion and email address change recommendations, and continuously track the progress of the incident and keep users informed;
•Regulatory Reporting: Report the data breach incident to the relevant regulatory authorities in accordance with the legal requirements of the service-covered regions and cooperate with their investigation work.
XIII. Policy Updates and Disclosure
We will revise this Policy from time to time in response to updates to laws and regulations and adjustments to service functions, ensuring that the Policy always complies with the latest compliance requirements. After the update, we will fully inform you through the following methods:
•Public Disclosure: Publish the updated Policy text in the footer navigation bar of the Website’s homepage, clearly indicating the “Last Updated Date”, and retain historical versions for at least 1 year for your reference;
•Notification of Material Changes: If the Policy involves material changes (such as an expansion of the scope of information collection, adjustments to sharing rules, or modifications to the methods of exercising rights), we will separately notify you via your registered email address, website pop-ups, or other means, providing you with a consideration period of at least 30 days. Your continued use of the Website’s services after the consideration period shall constitute your acceptance of the revised Policy;
•Retroactivity: Policy updates shall not have retroactive effect. Personal information processing activities conducted prior to the revision shall still be governed by the Policy in effect at that time (except as otherwise required by laws and regulations).
XIV. Contact Information and Complaint Reporting
If you have any questions about this Privacy Policy, wish to exercise your personal information rights, report violations of information processing practices, or seek legal remedies, you may contact us through the following methods. We will respond and handle your inquiry within 15 working days:
•Official Email Address: [email protected] (preferred channel; we will communicate the progress and results of the handling to you via this email address);
XV. Disclaimer and Supplementary Provisions
1.Nature of Services: The free knowledge content provided on this Website is for personal research and hobby sharing only and does not constitute any form of advice, including medical, academic, or professional consultation. You shall bear full responsibility for any decisions or actions taken based on such content;
2.Disclaimer: In the event of personal information leakage, service interruption, or data loss caused by factors beyond our control, including but not limited to force majeure, third-party service failures, cyberattacks, hacking, or user operation errors, we will take timely remedial measures within our capabilities but shall not be liable for compensation beyond a reasonable scope;
3.Dispute Resolution: This Policy shall be interpreted and governed by the laws of the People’s Republic of China. Any disputes arising from the performance of this Policy shall first be resolved through negotiation; if negotiation fails, either party may initiate legal proceedings before a competent people’s court in China, or you may choose the local dispute resolution mechanism in accordance with the laws and regulations of your region;
4.Effectiveness and Supplementary Provisions: This Policy shall take effect on the date of publication. Matters not covered herein shall be handled in strict accordance with the relevant laws and regulations.
Website Operator (Individual): Kevin
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